Includes bibliographical references and index.

Introduction -- Observations and their analysis -- Random error theory -- Confidence intervals -- Statistical testing -- Propagation of random errors in indirectly measured quantities -- Error propagation in angle and distance observations -- Error propagation in traverse surveys -- Error propagation in elevation determination -- Weights of observations -- Principles of least squares -- Adjustment of level nets -- Precisions of indirectly determined quantities -- Adjustment of horizontal surveys: trilateration -- Adjustment of horizontal surveys: triangulation -- Adjustment of horizontal surveys: traverses and horizontal networks -- Adjustment of GNSS networks -- Coordinate transformations -- Error ellipse -- Constraint equations -- Blunder detection in horizontal networks -- General least squares method and its application to curve fitting and coordinate transformations -- Three-dimensional geodetic network adjustment -- Combining GPS and terrestrial observations -- Analysis of adjustments -- Computer optimization.

The complete guide to adjusting for measurement error-expanded and updated no measurement is ever exact. Adjustment Computations updates a classic, definitive text on surveying with the latest methodologies and tools for analyzing and adjusting errors with a focus on least squares adjustments, the most rigorous methodology available and the one on which accuracy standards for surveys are based. This extensively updated Fifth Edition shares new information on advances in modern software and GNSS-acquired data. Expanded sections offer a greater amount of computable problems and their worked solu.